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Pau Brasil - Caesalpinia echinata

From the Fabaceae family

The Pau Brasil, the tree that gave Brazil its name, is native to the Atlantic Forest. It was historically prized for its red dye and high-quality timber, leading to its widespread exploitation.

This medium-sized tree grows up to 15 meters tall, with a straight trunk up to 50 cm in diameter. It has a dense, dark green canopy and produces bright yellow flowers. Its wood is hard and heavy, and its bark is grayish with reddish-orange fissures.

Classified as Critically Endangered (CR), the Pau Brasil’s populations are now limited to small, protected areas. Its logging is prohibited, and conservation efforts focus on habitat restoration and legal protection.

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Paraná pine - Araucaria angustifolia

From the Araucariaceae family

The Brazilian pine, or Paraná pine, is an endemic species to southern Brazil, found mainly in the Atlantic Forest. Its range once stretched across vast areas, but its populations have become highly fragmented due to deforestation and logging.

An evergreen conifer, the Araucaria angustifolia can grow up to 40 meters high, with a straight trunk and a wide, umbrella-shaped crown. It produces large seeds, called pinhão, which are a key food source for both wildlife and humans. The tree's dense wood has made it a target for heavy exploitation.

The Brazilian pine is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) due to extensive habitat loss. Logging of this tree is now strictly regulated, and it is part of reforestation and conservation efforts.

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Facão - Dinizia jueirana

From the Fabaceae family

This rare tree species was only recently discovered in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, with populations restricted to a single known area in the state of Espírito Santo.

The Dinizia jueirana-facao is a giant tree that can grow over 40 meters tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 meters. It has smooth bark with deep grooves and a crown of small, elliptical leaves. It produces large, pod-like fruits containing seeds that are dispersed by animals.

This species is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) due to its extremely limited range and ongoing threats from deforestation. Conservation efforts focus on protecting its natural habitat and preventing further habitat fragmentation.

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Mulungu - Erythrina speciosa

From the Fabaceae family

The Mulungu is a strikingly beautiful tree native to Brazil, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions. It grows in humid forests, often along riverbanks and in wet areas.

It can grow up to 10 meters tall, with a wide-spreading crown of light green leaves and bright red flowers that bloom in the dry season. The flowers attract a variety of pollinators, including hummingbirds and bees. The tree also produces small pods containing seeds used in traditional medicine.

Due to habitat destruction and unsustainable harvesting, the Mulungu is classified as Critically Endangered (CR). Conservation measures focus on protecting remaining populations and ensuring sustainable use of its medicinal properties.

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Jequitibá Rosa - Cariniana legalis

From the Lecythidaceae family

The Jequitibá-rosa is a towering tree endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. It is one of the tallest tree species in Brazil, often reaching heights of 50 meters, with some individuals reported to grow up to 60 meters.

Its trunk can reach a diameter of over 2 meters, with reddish-brown bark that becomes deeply fissured with age. The Jequitibá-rosa has a large, spreading crown of green leaves and produces small, white flowers followed by woody fruits.

This species is Critically Endangered (CR) due to deforestation and habitat fragmentation. It has been declared a Natural Monument, and its logging is prohibited. Reforestation projects are underway to help restore its population.

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